MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Knowledge of main issues related to migration, including  economic aspects, flows, legal issues, management of migration.

This course covers causes of migration, problems and opportunities for the origin and destination countries. The value of economic and social remittances of migrants, their potential for the development of the origin countries and integration in the destination countries, trafficking issues and policies to ensure an orderly management of migration are studied based on economic, sociological and legal methodologies. Job interviews with international and national institutions are simulated.

A Brief History of Economic Development and introduction to Sustainable Development

• A look into the future (what futurology is telling us about the next 30-50 years)
• Back to the past: The age of modern growth
• Why some countries developed and why other have not
• Present inequalities
• Limits to growth and Planet Boundaries (environmental, economic)
• Climate Change
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Sevelopment Goals (SDGs)

A Brief History of Development Aid

• Evolution
• Aid and its discontents
• Actors in Development Aid: Governments, Non-governmental Organizations, Foundations, Private sector (also as sources of employment)

Migration and Development

• Highlights, facts and figures
• Remittances
• Regional corridors
• Push and pull factors
• Migration hump (when migration peaks in a given country of origin)
• Migration bands  (from which country economic migrants come and when does  it stop according to regression analysis)
• Impact of remittances and migration on the economy of sending and receiving countries
• Political issues in Migration (why elections are lost or won because of migratory issues, perceptions and real numbers, how media treat migration)

Environmental migration : Causes of environmental migration, institutional and legal issues

• Environmental issues and Environmental Migration in the Mediterranean and Middle East Region
• Environmental issues and Environmental Migration in Africa
• Environmental issues and Environmental Migration in the Asia-Pacific region
• Environmental issues and Environmental Migration in Latin America
• Definition of climate-environmental refugee (Geneva Convention, etc). Number of displaced people. Is there protection of environmental migrants- displaced persons? Issues and examples

Social remittances (What migrants send home in addition to financial resources)

• Definition
• Issues
• Examples

Migrants’ Integration Issues, Co-development (how to promote migrants' role in the development of their countries of origin)

• Origin of the concept
• The Migration for Development Programme of the International Organization for Development
• Trés por Uno (Mexico experience)
• The co-development experience of France, Italy, Spain, UK

Co-development and migration: case studies

• How to diminish the cost of sending money home
• Financial inclusion and education,
• The importance of communication on migration issues at home and in the receiving countries
• Community projects, how to promote  migrants entrepreneurship at home and in the country of residence

Summing up: Issues on Migration at Country level

• Country case  studies:
• Issues (land, credit, etc)

Trafficking and smuggling of people

• Main issues
• European policies
• The economics of trafficking and smuggling
• Political issues

Circular and Return Migration: an Introduction

• Concepts
• Seasonal schemes

Circular migration: OECD National experiences in promoting circular, return migration, seasonal/temporary migration schemes - Legal Channels for Migration - Emerging Models

• Canada
• USA
• Netherlands
• Denmark
• Australia
• New Zealand
• France
• Spain
• Italy
• Germany
• Austria

Readmissions Agreements (voluntary return, forced return , development aid packages to promote return) How the revision of the EU Dublin Treaty in the 2024 EU Compact on Migration and Asylum impacts on them

• Main issues
• European policies
• Examples of Readmissions Agreements
• Political/economic/financial issues

Environmental and Economic Migration and the Theories of International relations: Realism, Liberal Institutionalism and Constructivism.

1.     The Migration Compact and The Refugee Compact

2.     Interpretation of migration issues according to the Realists Theory of International Relations

3.     Interpretation according to the Institutional Theory

4.     Interpretation according to the Constructivist Theory

Is Migration Manageable? International and National Action on Migration:

• The UN Global Compact on Migration
• The EU Compact on Migration and Asylum (is the concept of Fortress Europe still valid?)
• Policy options to manage migration: Pre-departure schemes, Legal Channels (options) Skills Compacts (pre-departure training schemes)

How to get a job in international development, international organization?

• Should one study International Development, Public Health, Environmental studies, or Political Science, Media, Languages, etc?
• An illustration of the myriad of careers and specialism available within the sector and of the pros and cons of each option, best websites to look for jobs, internships

Career development Work in a UN Organization and in Non-governmental organizations:

• Type of jobs:
• Resource mobilization (with public sector)
• Resource mobilization (individual)
• Partnerships with private sector, Corporate Social Responsibility
• Professional skills required
• Practical examples of work, students analysis of partnerships with corporations, screening of potential private sector partners for a UN organization, national and international NGOs

Agreements between UN and corporations, INGO, NGOs, will be provided for students’ analysis during practical work

Career development

• Interviews simulations with students

Text

Maurizio Malogioglio, Danial Moharejani, “Migration and Development. A students’ Handbook, 2024-25”

Maurizio Malogioglio, Danial Moharejani, “Migration and Development. A students’ Handbook, 2024-25”